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The Carnival of Venice ((イタリア語:Carnevale di Venezia)) is an annual festival, held in Venice, Italy. The Carnival ends with the Christian celebration of Lent, forty days before Easter on Shrove Tuesday (Martedi' Grasso or ''Mardi Gras''), the day before Ash Wednesday. The festival is world-famed for its elaborate masks. ==History== It's said that the Carnival of Venice was started from a victory of the "Serenissima Repubblica" against the Patriarch of Aquileia, Ulrico di Treven in the year 1162. In the honor of this victory, the people started to dance and make reunions in San Marco Square. Apparently, this festival started on that period and became official in the Renaissance.〔Danilo Reato, Storia del carnevale di Venezia, Venezia, Assessorato alla Cultura della Provincia di Venezia, 1988.〕 In the seventeenth century, the baroque carnival was a way to save the prestigious image of Venice in the world.〔Gilles Bertrand, Histoire du carnaval de Venise, XIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, Pygmalion, 2013, p. 37-94.〕 It was very famous during the eighteenth century.〔Stefania Bertelli, Il Carnevale di Venezia nel Settecento, Roma, Jouvence, 1992.〕 It encouraged licence and pleasure, but it was also used to protect Venetians against the anguish for present time and future.〔James H. Johnson, Venice incognito: masks in the Serene Republic, Berleley, University of California Press, 2011; Gilles Bertrand, Histoire du carnaval de Venise, XIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, Pygmalion, p. 95-235.〕 However, under the rule of the King of Austria, the festival was outlawed entirely in 1797 and the use of masks became strictly forbidden. It reappeared gradually in the nineteenth century, but only for short periods and above all for private feasts, where it became an occasion for artistic creations.〔Gilles Bertrand, Histoire du carnaval de Venise, XIe-XXIe siècle, Paris, Pygmalion, 2013, p. 237-310.〕 After a long absence, the Carnival returned to operate in 1979.〔Alessandro Bressanello, Il carnevale in età moderna: 30 anni di carnevale a Venezia 1980-2010, Studio LT2, 2010; Fulvio Roiter, Carnaval de Venise, Lausanne, Payot, 1981.〕 The Italian government decided to bring back the history and culture of Venice, and sought to use the traditional Carnival as the centerpiece of its efforts. The redevelopment of the masks began as the pursuit of some Venetian college students for the tourist trade. Today, approximately 3 million visitors come to Venice every year for the Carnival. One of the most important events is the contest for ''la maschera più bella'' ("the most beautiful mask") placed at the last weekend of the Carnival and judged by a panel of international costume and fashion designers. Here are the winners: *2015 : ''Le stelle dell'amore'' by Horst Raack, best costume for the official theme ''La regina della cucina veneziana'' by Tanja Schulz-Hess, most creative costume ''Monsieur Sofa et Madame Coco'' by Lorenzo Marconi *2014 : ''Una giornata in campagna'' by Horst Raack, and ''Radice Madre'' by Maria Roan di Villavera *2013 : ''Alla Ricerca del Tempo Perduto'' by Anna Marconi, most colourful costume ''Luna Park'' *2012 : ''Il servizio da thè del settecento (teatime)'' by Horst Raack, most creative costume '' Oceano'' by Jacqueline Spieweg *2011 : ''La famille Fabergé'' by Horst Raack, and ''Ommagio a Venezia'' by Paolo and Cinzia Pagliasso and Anna Rotonai, best costume for the official theme ''19th century'' by Lea Luongsoredju and Roudi Verbaanderd *2010 : ''Pantegane'' from England *2009 : ''The voyagers of Marco Polo'' by Horst Raack and Tanja Schulz-Hess *2008 : ''Luna park'' by Tanja Schulz-Hess *2007 : ''La Montgolfiera'' by Tanja Schulz-Hess 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carnival of Venice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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